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Several advantages arise from the incorporation of carbon electrode in the perovskite solar cell (PSC) architecture such as reduced material cost, improved device stability and simplified device fabrication process as well as lower emissions.

Thus, the primary objective of PEARL is to realize flexible perovskite solar cells processed with industrially viable, scalable and environmentally sound methods, showing long term operational stability surpassing the IEC standards, efficiency of > 25%, lowered production costs below 0.3 EUR/Wp and minimal emissions < 0.01 kg CO2eq/kWh.

To reach these objectives, PEARL is focusing on the development of planar, conventional n-i-p, and further n-i-c, device architectures utilizing low-temperature carbon pastes as the top electrodes aiming to the emerging markets of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), vehicle integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) and internet of things (IoT).

Current perovskite solar cells face significant challenges in stability and durability, hindering their long-term application. To address these issues, the European Union has launched the innovative PEARL project, which aims to enhance perovskite solar cells with cutting-edge carbon electrodes.

This EU-funded initiative aspires to significantly improve the efficiency, stability, and cost-effectiveness of these solar cells, targeting efficiencies of over 25% and substantially lower production costs. PEARL represents a major step forward in making sustainable solar power more accessible and reliable.